Some larger moths, even common ones found in gardens, are difficult to identify. This book gives naturalists the means to tackle these tricky species.

British and Irish moths: an illustrated guide to selected difficult species (covering the use of genitalia characters and other features) makes available up-to-date information on the identification of difficult macro-moths, beyond what is currently available in the field guides. Written by moth experts Martin Townsend, Jon Clifton and Brian Goodey, and originally published in 2010, 72 larger moth species (plus their subspecies and forms) are included.

Much of the Guide is focussed on genitalia characteristics, although there are discussions of other characteristics such as wing markings (see example pages shown below). It provides the next step for those wishing to make definitive determinations of difficult moths such as ear moths, dark/grey daggers, copper underwings and the November Moth group.

The book itself is out of print and there are no plans to reprint it. However, the full contents are now available online here. 

At the moment the 72 larger moth species (plus their subspecies and forms) from the original publication are included in this online version. Simply click on the species of interest in the table below to view the text, keys and illustrations. The introductory text and how to use the guide can be found here. Details on dissection methods, morphology and the glossary can be found here. The references and further reading can be found here.

Some of the files are quite large and may take several minutes to download. You will need a .pdf viewer to open the files.

Please note that the key and figure relating to female Satin Beauty Deileptenia ribeata (pages 40 & 41) are the corrected versions.

© This online resource is provided for personal use only.

 
Bradley Number European Checklist Species Page
170 (4000) Five-spot Burnet Zygaena trifolii 18
171 (3999) Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet Zygaena lonicerae 18
       
1678 (8017) Blair's Mocha Cyclophora puppillaria 20
1678a (8018) Jersey Mocha Cyclophora ruficiliaria 20
1679 (8019) False Mocha Cyclophora porata 20
1680 (8022) Maiden's Blush Cyclophora punctaria 20
1681 (8024) Clay Triple-lines Cyclophora linearia 20
       
1724 (8252) Red Twin-spot Carpet Xanthorhoe spadicearia 24
1725 (8253) Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet Xanthorhoe ferrugata 24
       
1733 (8240) Lead Belle Scotopteryx mucronata 26
1734 (8241) July Belle Scotopteryx luridata 26
       
1768 (8356) Grey Pine Carpet Thera obeliscata 28
1769 (8358) Spruce Carpet Thera britannica 28
       
1795 (8442) November Moth Epirrita dilutata 30
1796 (8443) Pale November Moth Epirrita christyi 30
1797 (8444) Autumnal Moth Epirrita autumnata 30
1798 (8445) Small Autumnal Moth Epirrita filigrammaria 30
       
1867 (8620) Treble-bar Aplocera plagiata 32
1868 (8622) Lesser Treble-bar Aplocera efformata 32
       
1889 (7539) Peacock Moth Macaria notata 36
1890 (7540) Sharp-angled Peacock Macaria alternata 36
       
1937 (7754) Willow Beauty Peribatodes rhomboidaria 38
1937a (7762) Feathered Beauty Peribatodes secundaria 38
1937b (7765) Lydd Beauty Peribatodes ilicaria 38
1940 (7775) Satin Beauty Deileptenia ribeata 38
1941 (7777) Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata 38
       
1947 (----) Engrailed Ectropis bistortata 42
1948 (7796) Small Engrailed Ectropis crepuscularia 42
       
2080 (10282) Square-spot Dart Euxoa obelisca 44
2081 (10280) White-line Dart Euxoa tritici 44
2082 (10275) Garden Dart Euxoa nigricans 44
2083 (10284) Coast Dart Euxoa cursoria 44
       
2087 (10351) Turnip Moth Agrotis segetum 48
2088 (10350) Heart & Club Agrotis clavis 48
2089 (10348) Heart & Dart Agrotis exclamationis 48
       
2110a (10102) Langmaid’s Yellow Underwing Noctua janthina 50
2111 (10103) Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing 50
       
2116 (10236) Cousin German Protolampra sobrina 54
2120 (10089) Ingrailed Clay Diarsia mendica 54
2123 (10093) Small Square-spot Diarsia rubi 54
2124 (10094) Fen Square-spot Diarsia florida 54
       
2185 (10043) Lead-coloured Drab Orthosia populeti 58
2188 (10037) Clouded Drab Orthosia incerta 58
       
2197 (10005) Southern Wainscot Mythimna straminea 60
2198 (10006) Smoky Wainscot Mythimna impura 60
2199 (10007) Common Wainscot Mythimna pallens 60
2200 (10008) Mathew’s Wainscot Mythimna favicolor 60
       
2219 (9232) Striped Lychnis Shargacucullia lychnitis 64
2220 (9229) Water Betony Shargacucullia scrophulariae 64
2221 (9233) Mullein Moth Shargacucullia verbasci 64
       
2283 (8776) Dark Dagger Acronicta tridens 68
2284 (8777) Grey Dagger Acronicta psi 68
       
2297 (9307) Copper Underwing Amphipyra pyramidea 70
2298 (9308) Svensson’s Copper Underwing Amphipyra berbera 70
       
2329 (9759) Confused Apamea furva 72
2330 (9766) Dusky Brocade Apamea remissa 72
       
2337 (9780) Marbled Minor Oligia strigilis 74
2338 (9781) Rufous Minor Oligia versicolor 74
2339 (9782) Tawny Marbled Minor Oligia latruncula 74
       
2343 (9789) Common Rustic Mesapamea secalis 76
2343a (9790) Lesser Common Rustic Mesapamea didyma 76
2343b (9791) Remm’s Rustic Mesapamea remmi 76
       
2357 (9831) Large Ear Amphipoea lucens 78
2358 (9829) Saltern Ear Amphipoea fucosa 78
2359 (9832) Crinan Ear Amphipoea crinanensis 78
2360 (9828) Ear Moth Amphipoea oculea 78
       
2381 (9449) Uncertain Hoplodrina alsines 82
2382 (9450) Rustic Hoplodrina blanda 82
2383 (9451) Powdered Rustic Hoplodrina superstes 82
2384 (9454) Vine’s Rustic Hoplodrina ambigua 82
       
2439 (9053) Gold Spot Plusia festucae 86
2440 (9054) Lempke’s Gold Spot Plusia putnami 86